The Best of LessWrong

Here you can find the best posts of LessWrong. When posts turn more than a year old, the LessWrong community reviews and votes on how well they have stood the test of time. These are the posts that have ranked the highest for all years since 2018 (when our annual tradition of choosing the least wrong of LessWrong began).

For the years 2018, 2019 and 2020 we also published physical books with the results of our annual vote, which you can buy and learn more about here.
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Rationality

Eliezer Yudkowsky
Local Validity as a Key to Sanity and Civilization
Buck
"Other people are wrong" vs "I am right"
Mark Xu
Strong Evidence is Common
johnswentworth
You Are Not Measuring What You Think You Are Measuring
johnswentworth
Gears-Level Models are Capital Investments
Hazard
How to Ignore Your Emotions (while also thinking you're awesome at emotions)
Scott Garrabrant
Yes Requires the Possibility of No
Scott Alexander
Trapped Priors As A Basic Problem Of Rationality
Duncan Sabien (Deactivated)
Split and Commit
Ben Pace
A Sketch of Good Communication
Eliezer Yudkowsky
Meta-Honesty: Firming Up Honesty Around Its Edge-Cases
Duncan Sabien (Deactivated)
Lies, Damn Lies, and Fabricated Options
Duncan Sabien (Deactivated)
CFAR Participant Handbook now available to all
johnswentworth
What Are You Tracking In Your Head?
Mark Xu
The First Sample Gives the Most Information
Duncan Sabien (Deactivated)
Shoulder Advisors 101
Zack_M_Davis
Feature Selection
abramdemski
Mistakes with Conservation of Expected Evidence
Scott Alexander
Varieties Of Argumentative Experience
Eliezer Yudkowsky
Toolbox-thinking and Law-thinking
alkjash
Babble
Kaj_Sotala
The Felt Sense: What, Why and How
Duncan Sabien (Deactivated)
Cup-Stacking Skills (or, Reflexive Involuntary Mental Motions)
Ben Pace
The Costly Coordination Mechanism of Common Knowledge
Jacob Falkovich
Seeing the Smoke
Elizabeth
Epistemic Legibility
Daniel Kokotajlo
Taboo "Outside View"
alkjash
Prune
johnswentworth
Gears vs Behavior
Raemon
Noticing Frame Differences
Duncan Sabien (Deactivated)
Sazen
AnnaSalamon
Reality-Revealing and Reality-Masking Puzzles
Eliezer Yudkowsky
ProjectLawful.com: Eliezer's latest story, past 1M words
Eliezer Yudkowsky
Self-Integrity and the Drowning Child
Jacob Falkovich
The Treacherous Path to Rationality
Scott Garrabrant
Tyranny of the Epistemic Majority
alkjash
More Babble
abramdemski
Most Prisoner's Dilemmas are Stag Hunts; Most Stag Hunts are Schelling Problems
Raemon
Being a Robust Agent
Zack_M_Davis
Heads I Win, Tails?—Never Heard of Her; Or, Selective Reporting and the Tragedy of the Green Rationalists
Benquo
Reason isn't magic
habryka
Integrity and accountability are core parts of rationality
Raemon
The Schelling Choice is "Rabbit", not "Stag"
Diffractor
Threat-Resistant Bargaining Megapost: Introducing the ROSE Value
Raemon
Propagating Facts into Aesthetics
johnswentworth
Simulacrum 3 As Stag-Hunt Strategy
LoganStrohl
Catching the Spark
Jacob Falkovich
Is Rationalist Self-Improvement Real?
Benquo
Excerpts from a larger discussion about simulacra
Zvi
Simulacra Levels and their Interactions
abramdemski
Radical Probabilism
sarahconstantin
Naming the Nameless
AnnaSalamon
Comment reply: my low-quality thoughts on why CFAR didn't get farther with a "real/efficacious art of rationality"
Eric Raymond
Rationalism before the Sequences
Owain_Evans
The Rationalists of the 1950s (and before) also called themselves “Rationalists”
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Optimization

sarahconstantin
The Pavlov Strategy
johnswentworth
Coordination as a Scarce Resource
AnnaSalamon
What should you change in response to an "emergency"? And AI risk
Zvi
Prediction Markets: When Do They Work?
johnswentworth
Being the (Pareto) Best in the World
alkjash
Is Success the Enemy of Freedom? (Full)
jasoncrawford
How factories were made safe
HoldenKarnofsky
All Possible Views About Humanity's Future Are Wild
jasoncrawford
Why has nuclear power been a flop?
Zvi
Simple Rules of Law
Elizabeth
Power Buys You Distance From The Crime
Eliezer Yudkowsky
Is Clickbait Destroying Our General Intelligence?
Scott Alexander
The Tails Coming Apart As Metaphor For Life
Zvi
Asymmetric Justice
Jeffrey Ladish
Nuclear war is unlikely to cause human extinction
Spiracular
Bioinfohazards
Zvi
Moloch Hasn’t Won
Zvi
Motive Ambiguity
Benquo
Can crimes be discussed literally?
Said Achmiz
The Real Rules Have No Exceptions
Lars Doucet
Lars Doucet's Georgism series on Astral Codex Ten
johnswentworth
When Money Is Abundant, Knowledge Is The Real Wealth
HoldenKarnofsky
This Can't Go On
Scott Alexander
Studies On Slack
johnswentworth
Working With Monsters
jasoncrawford
Why haven't we celebrated any major achievements lately?
abramdemski
The Credit Assignment Problem
Martin Sustrik
Inadequate Equilibria vs. Governance of the Commons
Raemon
The Amish, and Strategic Norms around Technology
Zvi
Blackmail
KatjaGrace
Discontinuous progress in history: an update
Scott Alexander
Rule Thinkers In, Not Out
Jameson Quinn
A voting theory primer for rationalists
HoldenKarnofsky
Nonprofit Boards are Weird
Wei Dai
Beyond Astronomical Waste
johnswentworth
Making Vaccine
jefftk
Make more land
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World

Ben
The Redaction Machine
Samo Burja
On the Loss and Preservation of Knowledge
Alex_Altair
Introduction to abstract entropy
Martin Sustrik
Swiss Political System: More than You ever Wanted to Know (I.)
johnswentworth
Interfaces as a Scarce Resource
johnswentworth
Transportation as a Constraint
eukaryote
There’s no such thing as a tree (phylogenetically)
Scott Alexander
Is Science Slowing Down?
Martin Sustrik
Anti-social Punishment
Martin Sustrik
Research: Rescuers during the Holocaust
GeneSmith
Toni Kurz and the Insanity of Climbing Mountains
johnswentworth
Book Review: Design Principles of Biological Circuits
Elizabeth
Literature Review: Distributed Teams
Valentine
The Intelligent Social Web
jacobjacob
Unconscious Economics
eukaryote
Spaghetti Towers
Eli Tyre
Historical mathematicians exhibit a birth order effect too
johnswentworth
What Money Cannot Buy
Scott Alexander
Book Review: The Secret Of Our Success
johnswentworth
Specializing in Problems We Don't Understand
KatjaGrace
Why did everything take so long?
Ruby
[Answer] Why wasn't science invented in China?
Scott Alexander
Mental Mountains
Kaj_Sotala
My attempt to explain Looking, insight meditation, and enlightenment in non-mysterious terms
johnswentworth
Evolution of Modularity
johnswentworth
Science in a High-Dimensional World
zhukeepa
How uniform is the neocortex?
Kaj_Sotala
Building up to an Internal Family Systems model
Steven Byrnes
My computational framework for the brain
Natália
Counter-theses on Sleep
abramdemski
What makes people intellectually active?
Bucky
Birth order effect found in Nobel Laureates in Physics
KatjaGrace
Elephant seal 2
JackH
Anti-Aging: State of the Art
Vaniver
Steelmanning Divination
Kaj_Sotala
Book summary: Unlocking the Emotional Brain
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AI Strategy

Ajeya Cotra
Without specific countermeasures, the easiest path to transformative AI likely leads to AI takeover
Daniel Kokotajlo
Cortés, Pizarro, and Afonso as Precedents for Takeover
Daniel Kokotajlo
The date of AI Takeover is not the day the AI takes over
paulfchristiano
What failure looks like
Daniel Kokotajlo
What 2026 looks like
gwern
It Looks Like You're Trying To Take Over The World
Andrew_Critch
What Multipolar Failure Looks Like, and Robust Agent-Agnostic Processes (RAAPs)
paulfchristiano
Another (outer) alignment failure story
Ajeya Cotra
Draft report on AI timelines
Eliezer Yudkowsky
Biology-Inspired AGI Timelines: The Trick That Never Works
HoldenKarnofsky
Reply to Eliezer on Biological Anchors
Richard_Ngo
AGI safety from first principles: Introduction
Daniel Kokotajlo
Fun with +12 OOMs of Compute
Wei Dai
AI Safety "Success Stories"
KatjaGrace
Counterarguments to the basic AI x-risk case
johnswentworth
The Plan
Rohin Shah
Reframing Superintelligence: Comprehensive AI Services as General Intelligence
lc
What an actually pessimistic containment strategy looks like
Eliezer Yudkowsky
MIRI announces new "Death With Dignity" strategy
evhub
Chris Olah’s views on AGI safety
So8res
Comments on Carlsmith's “Is power-seeking AI an existential risk?”
Adam Scholl
Safetywashing
abramdemski
The Parable of Predict-O-Matic
KatjaGrace
Let’s think about slowing down AI
nostalgebraist
human psycholinguists: a critical appraisal
nostalgebraist
larger language models may disappoint you [or, an eternally unfinished draft]
Daniel Kokotajlo
Against GDP as a metric for timelines and takeoff speeds
paulfchristiano
Arguments about fast takeoff
Eliezer Yudkowsky
Six Dimensions of Operational Adequacy in AGI Projects
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Technical AI Safety

Andrew_Critch
Some AI research areas and their relevance to existential safety
1a3orn
EfficientZero: How It Works
elspood
Security Mindset: Lessons from 20+ years of Software Security Failures Relevant to AGI Alignment
So8res
Decision theory does not imply that we get to have nice things
TurnTrout
Reward is not the optimization target
johnswentworth
Worlds Where Iterative Design Fails
Vika
Specification gaming examples in AI
Rafael Harth
Inner Alignment: Explain like I'm 12 Edition
evhub
An overview of 11 proposals for building safe advanced AI
johnswentworth
Alignment By Default
johnswentworth
How To Go From Interpretability To Alignment: Just Retarget The Search
Alex Flint
Search versus design
abramdemski
Selection vs Control
Mark Xu
The Solomonoff Prior is Malign
paulfchristiano
My research methodology
Eliezer Yudkowsky
The Rocket Alignment Problem
Eliezer Yudkowsky
AGI Ruin: A List of Lethalities
So8res
A central AI alignment problem: capabilities generalization, and the sharp left turn
TurnTrout
Reframing Impact
Scott Garrabrant
Robustness to Scale
paulfchristiano
Inaccessible information
TurnTrout
Seeking Power is Often Convergently Instrumental in MDPs
So8res
On how various plans miss the hard bits of the alignment challenge
abramdemski
Alignment Research Field Guide
paulfchristiano
The strategy-stealing assumption
Veedrac
Optimality is the tiger, and agents are its teeth
Sam Ringer
Models Don't "Get Reward"
johnswentworth
The Pointers Problem: Human Values Are A Function Of Humans' Latent Variables
Buck
Language models seem to be much better than humans at next-token prediction
abramdemski
An Untrollable Mathematician Illustrated
abramdemski
An Orthodox Case Against Utility Functions
johnswentworth
Selection Theorems: A Program For Understanding Agents
Rohin Shah
Coherence arguments do not entail goal-directed behavior
Alex Flint
The ground of optimization
paulfchristiano
Where I agree and disagree with Eliezer
Eliezer Yudkowsky
Ngo and Yudkowsky on alignment difficulty
abramdemski
Embedded Agents
evhub
Risks from Learned Optimization: Introduction
nostalgebraist
chinchilla's wild implications
johnswentworth
Why Agent Foundations? An Overly Abstract Explanation
zhukeepa
Paul's research agenda FAQ
Eliezer Yudkowsky
Coherent decisions imply consistent utilities
paulfchristiano
Open question: are minimal circuits daemon-free?
evhub
Gradient hacking
janus
Simulators
LawrenceC
Causal Scrubbing: a method for rigorously testing interpretability hypotheses [Redwood Research]
TurnTrout
Humans provide an untapped wealth of evidence about alignment
Neel Nanda
A Mechanistic Interpretability Analysis of Grokking
Collin
How "Discovering Latent Knowledge in Language Models Without Supervision" Fits Into a Broader Alignment Scheme
evhub
Understanding “Deep Double Descent”
Quintin Pope
The shard theory of human values
TurnTrout
Inner and outer alignment decompose one hard problem into two extremely hard problems
Eliezer Yudkowsky
Challenges to Christiano’s capability amplification proposal
Scott Garrabrant
Finite Factored Sets
paulfchristiano
ARC's first technical report: Eliciting Latent Knowledge
Diffractor
Introduction To The Infra-Bayesianism Sequence
#5

We're used to the economy growing a few percent per year. But this is a very unusual situation. Zooming out to all of history, we see that growth has been accelerating, that it's near its historical high point, and that it's faster than it can be for all that much longer. There aren't enough atoms in the galaxy to sustain this rate of growth for even another 10,000 years!

What comes next – stagnation, explosion, or collapse?

#13

Back in the early days of factories, workplace injury rates were enormous. Over time, safety engineering took hold, various legal reforms were passed (most notably liability law), and those rates dramatically dropped. This is the story of how factories went from death traps to relatively safe. 

#15

John made his own COVID-19 vaccine at home using open source instructions. Here's how he did it and why.

14Viliam
Two years later, I suppose we know more than we did when the article was written. I would like to read some postscript explaining how well this article has aged.
11Drake Morrison
A great example of taking the initiative and actually trying something that looks useful, even when it would be weird or frowned upon in normal society. I would like to see a post-review, but I'm not even sure if that matters. Going ahead and trying something that seems obviously useful, but weird and no one else is doing is already hard enough. This post was inspiring. 
#17

It's wild to think that humanity might expand throughout the galaxy in the next century or two. But it's also wild to think that we definitely won't. In fact, all views about humanity's long-term future are pretty wild when you think about it. We're in a wild situation!

#36

A person wakes up from cryonic freeze in a post-apocalyptic future. A "scissor" statement – an AI-generated statement designed to provoke maximum controversy – has led to massive conflict and destruction. The survivors are those who managed to work with people they morally despise.

#40

An in-depth overview of Georgism, a school of political economy that advocates for a Land Value Tax (LVT), aiming to discourage land speculation and rent-seeking behavior; promote more efficient use of land, make housing more affordable, and taxes more efficient.

#45

Nuclear power once seemed to be the energy of the future, but has failed to live up to that promise. Why? Jason Crawford summarizes Jack Devanney's book "Why Nuclear Power Has Been a Flop", which blames overregulation driven by unrealistic radiation safety models.