Learning to program in a given language requires a non-trivial amount of time. This seems to be agreed upon as a good use of LessWrongers' time.
Each language may be more useful than others for particular purposes. However, like e.g. the choice of donation to a particular charity, we shouldn't expect the trade-offs of focusing on one versus another not to exist.
Suppose I know nothing about programming... And I want to make a choice about what language to pick up beyond merely what sounds cool at the time. In short I would want to spend my five minutes on the problem before jumping to a solution.
As an example of the dilemma, if I spend my time learning Scheme or Lisp, I will gain a particular kind of skill. It won't be a very directly marketable one, but it could (in theory) make me a better programmer. "Code as lists" is a powerful perspective -- and Eric S. Raymond recommends learning Lisp for this reason.
Forth (or any similar concatenative language) presents a different yet similarly powerful perspective, one which encourages extreme factorization and use of small well-considered definitions of words for frequently reused concepts.
Python encourages object oriented thinking and explicit declaration. Ruby is object oriented and complexity-hiding to the point of being almost magical.
C teaches functions and varying abstraction levels. Javascript is more about the high level abstractions.
If a newbie programmer focuses on any of these they will come out of it a different kind of programmer. If a competent programmer avoids one of these things they will avoid different kinds of costs as well as different kinds of benefits.
Is it better to focus on one path, avoiding contamination from others?
Is it better to explore several simultaneously, to make sure you don't miss the best parts?
Which one results in converting time to dollars the most quickly?
Which one most reliably converts you to a higher value programmer over a longer period of time?
What other caveats are there?
All true, but you should be able to pick those up easily enough if you have internalized the other concepts. For example, type inference is much easier to understand when you realize that, underneath it all, there's no such thing as a "type" anyway, just pointers pointing to memory blocks of various sizes; and that, on the other hand, you could construct whatever notion of a "type" that you want, by using functional programming.
I have to admit, though, that I was never a big fan of macros, in any language.
I meant, as compared to raw assembly.
That was kind of my point: instead of learning a specific set of concepts, learn just enough of the right ones, so that adding new concepts becomes easy.
Well, it looks that either you have some minimal experience with abstract algebra or you will need to learn some of it while working with complex type systems.
Learning new powerful abstraction to the level of being able to exploit it for complex tasks is a matter of a few days of full-time learning/thinking/tinkering per se, so learning new languages will still n... (read more)