The average startup is a restaurant or small service business. Patent trolls don't bother them.
Tech-unicorn-wannabe startups generally don't get bothered until they're well-funded, and that funding usually comes with advice and connections to legal teams, which mitigates the problem most of the time.
For companies in businesses that are patent-heavy, it's more of an expense and nudge toward conformity (in corporate, legal, and finance setup) than a showstopper.
In the article Graham says:
...Patent trolls seem to have caught big companies by surprise. In the last couple years they've extracted hundreds of millions of dollars from them. Patent trolls are hard to fight precisely because they create nothing. Big companies are safe from being sued by other big companies because they can threaten a counter-suit. But because patent trolls don't make anything, there's nothing they can be sued for. I predict this loophole will get closed fairly quickly, at least by legal standards. It's clearly an abuse of the system, and th
There are many individual stories about patent trolls being problematic, but I have a hard time estimating how big of an effect their activity happens to be overall. Can someone point me to guide analysis of the problem overall that estimates their impact?