Seems like you are trying to revert entropy. I suspect there are no simple solutions; and probably no solutions at all.
If we are lucky, we will find a way to recreate the minds without having to revert everything (perhaps constraints like "the dead mind was homo sapiens" will sufficiently reduce the search space). Still no idea how specifically.
From my perspective, this belongs to category "once we have a friendly superhuman AI, we can ask it to solve the problem".
I don't know quantum mechanics, but your back-of-the-envelope logic seems a little suspicious to me. The Earth is not an isolated system. It's being influenced by gravitational pulls from little bits of matter all over the universe. So wouldn't a reverse simulation of Earth also require you to simulate things outside of Earth?
I think ability to recover minds is actually going to be a key component of the AI safety objective when we find it. we need to figure out how to define what we want to not be lost to thermal noise. I see there as being two key levels to safety: don't forget, and keep fueling. a just barely safe AI would freeze all of humanity forever but preserve practical reversibility of that action, a truly safe ai would also preserve our aesthetic influence on new burn, a highly safe ai would minimize its own burn and give us a fair ratio of the ongoing burn. I don't think any sort of data augmented constraint search will ever be able to know exactly what weather was happening in the middle of the Pacific Ocean at 3:00 p.m. the day before Newton's apple - fluid physics is far too chaotic, I don't think any physical system can ever collect all the fragments of that event and put them back together. and we probably will never be able to know most of what was going through newton's mind a few hours before the apple; though we might be able to constrain to a fairly narrow probability distribution. and knowing precisely, beyond what can be guessed by roleplaying the era, what was happening in the mind of arbitrary humans 100k years ago, is super extra not happening ever.
that said, I think much of the form of what those minds experienced is possible to constrain by estimating enough boundary conditions (estimate of genetics, resource availability, weather distribution, etc) that we may be able to approximate it. but I don't think archeology will ever be able to reach perfect recovery.
unless silent watcher aliens have been here for a while recording everything. if there are supermoral superintelligences, they had better have deployed archeology time capsule drones to every planet for exactly this reason!
I would classify my worldview as Cosmist, which means that I view recreating the minds of all dead people (and any animals that have qualia) as a moral priority.
There’s a generic algorithm for reversing a quantum simulation that’s in an unknown state, but the algorithm grows in complexity according to the square of the system’s Hilbert Space. The earth has around 1.3E50 atoms, and a system’s Hilbert Space has (V^N) dimensions, where V is the degrees of freedom for each particle and N is the number of particles. A back of the envelope calculation shows that using this algorithm to reverse a simulation of Earth would require somewhere in the neighborhood of (V^1.3 Googol) steps. This is obviously unworkable even with a dyson swarm that can actually simulate the earth as a quantum system. I guess this is good news for people who are scared of Roko’s Basilisk, but it’s bad news for people like me, who want to resurrect everyone’s mind.
Is there the possibility of developing a simpler algorithm to accomplish this before the end of the universe, or would it be better for (trans/post)humanity as a whole to first figure out how to escape the end of the universe and then work on a Cosmist resurrection?