Effective altruism (EA) defines itself as "a philosophical and social movement that advocates taking actions which maximally benefit sentient beings, as determined by evidence and reason."
In practice, effective altruists advocate making as much money as possible and then donating a (ideally large) percentage of it to charity. They also advocate choosing charities based on systematic evaluation of their effectiveness, in order to maximize the benefit of their dollars.
EA has its roots in the philosophical theory of utilitarianism, which can be briefly described as the moral principle that one should take actions which maximize the well-being of all affected individuals. EA is often motivated by arguing that the classic "trolley problem" is an... (read 987 more words →)
The latter. Superman's powers are magical, but our powers are intimately connected to the state of life for the less fortunate. We know that our economic prosperity is based on a mix of innovation and domination, and the more we reduce our involvement in the domination side of it, the more we address the real root of the problem.