soreff comments on Welcome to Less Wrong! (2012) - Less Wrong

25 Post author: orthonormal 26 December 2011 10:57PM

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Comment author: soreff 01 January 2012 03:59:45PM *  15 points [-]

harmful, unsympathetic psychopaths

There is another, quite different, situation where it happens: Highly stressed mothers of newborns.

The answer to this couldn’t be more clear: humans are very different from macaques. We’re much worse. The anxiety caused by human inequality is unlike anything observed in the natural world. In order to emphasize this point, Robert Sapolsky put all kidding aside and was uncharacteristically grim when describing the affects of human poverty on the incidence of stress-related disease.

"When humans invented poverty," Sapolsky wrote, “they came up with a way of subjugating the low-ranking like nothing ever before seen in the primate world.”

This is clearly seen in studies looking at human inequality and the rates of maternal infanticide. The World Health Organization Report on Violence and Health reported a strong association between global inequality and child abuse, with the largest incidence in communities with “high levels of unemployment and concentrated poverty.” Another international study published by the American Journal of Psychiatry analyzed infanticide data from 17 countries and found an unmistakable “pattern of powerlessness, poverty, and alienation in the lives of the women studied.”

The United States currently leads the developed world with the highest maternal infanticide rate (an average of 8 deaths for every 100,000 live births, more than twice the rate of Canada). In a systematic analysis of maternal infanticide in the U.S., DeAnn Gauthier and colleagues at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette concluded that this dubious honor falls on us because “extreme poverty amid extreme wealth is conducive to stress-related violence.” Consequently, the highest levels of maternal infanticide were found, not in the poorest states, but in those with the greatest disparity between wealth and poverty (such as Colorado, Oklahoma, and New York with rates 3 to 5 times the national average). According to these researchers, inequality is literally killing our kids.

Comment author: Multiheaded 01 January 2012 04:16:11PM *  0 points [-]

Interesting. Having suspected that something along these lines was out there, I did mention the possibility of readjustment. However,

1) sorry and non-vindictive as we might feel for this subset of childkillers, we'd still have to give them some significant punishment, in order not to weaken our overall deterrence factor.

2) This still would hardly push anyone (me included) from "indiscriminating extermination" to "ignore" in a binary choice scenario.

Comment author: Bakkot 01 January 2012 06:58:25PM 4 points [-]

If the problem is that almost everyone who could kill their ten-month-old kid is psychotic (something I'd disagree with particularly in light of the above and in light of the fact that it currently means defying one of our society's strongest taboos, but leaving that aside for now)...

Then why, exactly, are we trying to deter killing your babies? It's not going to have any effect on the number of psychotic people out there.

Comment author: TheOtherDave 01 January 2012 07:14:33PM 14 points [-]

I suspect that "babykilling is OK in and of itself, but it's a visible marker for psychosis and we want to justify taking action against psychotics and therefore we criminalize babykilling anyway" isn't a particularly stable thought in human minds, and pretty quickly decomposes into "babykilling is not OK," "psychosis is not OK," "babykillers are psychotic," a 25% chance of "psychotics kill babies," and two photons.

Comment author: AspiringKnitter 01 January 2012 10:07:54PM *  13 points [-]

I know it's stupid to jump in here, but you don't mean psychotic or psychosis. You mean psychopathic (a.k.a. sociopathic). Please don't lump the mentally ill together with evil murderers. Actual psychotic people are hearing voices and miserable, not gleefully plotting to kill their own children. You're thinking of sociopaths. Psychotics don't kill babies any more than anyone else. It's sociopaths who should all be killed or otherwise removed from society.

Comment author: cousin_it 02 January 2012 11:21:43PM *  7 points [-]

Some of the traits listed on the wikipedia page for psychopathy are traits that I want and have modified myself towards:

Psychopaths do not feel fear as deeply as normal people and do not manifest any of the normal physical responses to threatening stimuli. For instance, if a normal person were accosted in the street by a gun-wielding mugger, he/she might sweat, tremble, lose control of his/her bowels or vomit. Psychopaths feel no such sensations, and are often perplexed when they observe them in others.

Psychopaths do not suffer profound emotional trauma such as despair. This may be part of the reason why punishment has little effect on them: it leaves no emotional impression on them. There are anecdotes of psychopaths reacting nonchalantly to being sentenced to life in prison.

Some psychopaths also possess great charm and a great ability to manipulate others. They have fewer social inhibitions, are extroverted, dominant, and confident. They are not afraid of causing offense, being rejected, or being put down. When these things do happen, they tend to dismiss them and are not discouraged from trying again.

Comment author: PhilosophyTutor 03 January 2012 01:56:07AM 7 points [-]

It's sociopaths who should all be killed or otherwise removed from society.

Lots of sociopaths as the term is clinically defined live perfectly productive lives, often in high-stimulation, high-risk jobs that neurotypical people don't want to do like small aircraft piloting, serving in the special forces of their local military and so on. They don't learn well from bad experiences and they need a lot of stimulation to get a high, so those sorts of roles are ideal for them.

They don't need to be killed or removed from society, they need to be channelled into jobs where they can have fun and where their psychological resilience is an asset.

Comment author: AspiringKnitter 03 January 2012 02:34:54AM 4 points [-]

Huh, okay. Thanks.

Comment author: Will_Newsome 02 January 2012 11:00:43PM 1 point [-]

(It's odd how the words "schizophrenic" and "psychotic" bring up such different connotations even though schizophrenia is the poster-child of psychosis. (Saying this as a schizotypal person with "ultra high risk" of schizophrenia.))

Comment author: ahartell 02 January 2012 10:44:21PM 1 point [-]

Aren't sociopaths mentally ill too?

Comment author: juliawise 02 January 2012 11:16:38PM *  3 points [-]

Yes, but people with different types of illness vary in whether they are likely to kill other people, which is the question here. This metastudy found half of male criminals have antisocial personality disorder (including sociopaths and psychopaths) and less than 4% have psychotic disorders. In other words, criminals are unlikely to be people who have lost touch with reality and more likely to be people who just don't care about other people.

Comment author: ahartell 02 January 2012 11:39:51PM 1 point [-]

Interesting, I knew that the rate was very low for psychotic people, but not that it was so high for sociopathic ones. I still don't think all sociopaths should be killed.

Comment author: [deleted] 02 January 2012 11:00:59PM 0 points [-]

If you say they are, it's in a totally different way. Taboo "mentally Ill".

Comment author: ahartell 02 January 2012 11:38:08PM *  3 points [-]

I was being a bit pedantic. When she says "don't lump the mentally ill together with evil murderers" I think she means "don't lump [psychotic] people in with evil murderers", which I don't disagree with. However, not all sociopaths are evil murderers. I would even say it's wrong to lump these mentally ill sociopaths together with evil murderers.

In other words, AspiringKnitter,

Please don't lump the mentally ill together with evil murderers.

Comment author: AspiringKnitter 03 January 2012 12:15:34AM 1 point [-]

Okay. I've never heard of any non-evil sociopaths before, but I'll accept that they exist if you tell me they do.

What I meant was indeed that psychotic people aren't any more evil on average than normal people. The point is irrelevant to the thread, but I make it wherever it needs to be made because conflating the two isn't just sloppy, it harms real people in real life.

Comment author: [deleted] 03 January 2012 12:31:40AM 0 points [-]

I think many sociopaths become high-powered businesspeople.

The other thing that "harms people in real life" is saying stuff like "sociopaths should all be killed or otherwise removed from society". To say such things, you must override your moral beliefs, which is not a good habit to be in, and not a good image of yourself to cache.

Comment author: ahartell 03 January 2012 12:27:35AM 0 points [-]

Yeah, my understanding is that they exist. Just wondering, how would you expect to hear about a non-evil sociopath?

Yeah, I'm totally on board with you there (though I'm not really fond of the word evil). I remember hearing that psychotic people are much more likely to hurt themselves than average, but not more likely to hurt others. And yeah, it's bad to consider them to be "evil" when they're not or to contribute to a societal model of them that does the same.

Comment author: wedrifid 03 January 2012 12:52:16AM *  0 points [-]

I was being a bit pedantic. When she says "don't lump the mentally ill together with evil murderers" I think she means "don't lump [psychotic] people in with evil murderers", which I don't disagree with. However, not all sociopaths are evil murderers. I would even say it's wrong to lump these mentally ill sociopaths together with evil murderers.

Are we talking about psychotic people here or sociopaths (psychopaths)? The two are vastly different. Or are you saying that neither psychotic people nor sociopaths are necessarily evil?

Comment author: ahartell 03 January 2012 01:08:32AM 0 points [-]

I am saying that neither are necessarily evil.

Comment author: TheOtherDave 01 January 2012 10:13:19PM 1 point [-]

OK.

Comment author: [deleted] 01 January 2012 07:54:47PM 0 points [-]

Where did the two photons come from?

Comment author: TheOtherDave 01 January 2012 08:02:39PM 6 points [-]

The photons come from unjustified pattern-matching.

Comment author: [deleted] 01 January 2012 08:07:46PM 1 point [-]

Oooh.

Comment author: Multiheaded 01 January 2012 07:40:46PM 0 points [-]

Exhibit A: me.