For the purposes of completely illustrating the relative merits of this criterion based approach in comparison to the contributor guarantor model, it may be more efficacious to identify the general form of authorship problems than attempt to exhaust every conceivable existing and potential problem. This is because the contributor-guarantor model addresses all the challenges that individual criterion based guidelines are established to address – the asymmetrical standards between readers as to the interpretation of authorship assignment and order. Authorship is, irreducibly, a signalling Cho, I-K & Kreps) game (where the authors are asymmetrically more informed than the readers about the kind and substance of their contribution to the research. They are incentivised to strategically convey that information under conventional authorship practices in a way that strategically presents their contribution at the cost of consumers who are assumed to be able to use more complete information to accurately interpret the research.