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New frontiers in the "CICO is factually incorrect" crusade: I just read that, while all kinds of fiber burn in a calorimeter, some are partially digestible by non-ruminants and some aren't. So it's not just that fiber is more filling per calorie - it's that, when you buy processed high-fiber foods, you don't know how many human-digestible calories you're actually getting, because you don't know how hard they're going to correct the possibly-quite-deceptively-high values from the calorimeter.
Not sure this is a new frontier, exactly - it was part of high-school biology classes decades ago. Still, very worth reminding people and bringing up when someone over-focuses on the bailey of "legible, calculated CICO" as opposed to the motte of "absorbed and actual CICO".
I mean "mass and energy are conserved" - there's no way to gain weight except if losses are smaller than gains. This is a basic truth, and an unassailable motte about how physics works. It's completely irrelevant to the bailey of weight loss and calculating calories.