If this is to be taken as a sort of prophetic/religious statement that will certainly be believed, how about this:
"It is better to rely on the labour of machines than the labour of beasts, and better to rely on the labour of beasts than the labour of man".
(Based on the idea that historically, technological progress was often disincentivized by the abundance of cheap/slave labour).
That sounds amazingly Wise. I felt a strong impulse to get it done up in elaborate script and framed on my wall (seriously).
"If you perform experiments to determine the physical laws of our universe, you will learn how to make powerful weapons."
It's all about incentives.
"physical laws" and "universe" maybe suppose too much background.
I cross-pollinate your thing with EY's:
"If you test theories by how precisely they predict experimental results, you will learn how to make powerful weapons."
EDIT: My latest version is "If you test theories by how precisely they predict experimental results, you will unlock the secrets of the ancients." Which fixes a few bugs.
If you get into the practice of keeping honest and accurate records of everything, and quantifying as much as you can, then you will become much better at military logistics.
"Most diseases are caused by tiny little mindless creatures the reproduce and spread quickly and live in sick people's bodies, and quite a few of them can be killed be a certain mold that you can grow on bread."
Hmm, how many "and's" can I put in this one sentence? This reminds me of a competition for extra credit in one of my CS classes to write a C++ program in "as few statements as possible," where I took the obvious algorithm, completely unrolled the loop, and used logical connectives to stick every statement together into one. I skipped class the day the winner was announced, and the teacher later said he changed the rules and let the class vote for a winner, which wasn't me.
I like to think about initial application of this sentence.
"How old is this bread? A week? You fool! Look at how sick he is! Get some two-week bread immediately, and feed it to him as fast as you can! NO TIME FOR CHEWING."
Future creatures, you must find ancient human DNA and revive us, or you will suffer a second apocalypse.
PS: find enclosed our "Voyager Golden Record" that unlocks the coordinates of the Alcor facility in which we stored our bodies. Please take great care to exactly recreate our mind states. DO NOT REVIVE BEFORE YOU HAVE DEVELOPED THE NECESSARY TECHNOLOGY.
"The use of semicolons will enable you to construct arbitrarily long sentences".
No, seriously. To reconstruct physics, how about "Use inclined planes to slow down motion; this will enable you to make careful measurements". That's how Galileo got started.
1If we're talking about knowledge the ancients could immediately use, why bother with physics or macroeconomics? "There are tiny creatures too small to see that spread between living things, and make you sick if too many get into you, but there are ways to kill them" seems a lot more practical.
I would amend that to "soap will kill them". "Ways to kill them" sounds to me like a perfect way of starting a Voodoo Medicine cult, wherein the wisdom of the ancients is used as evidence that the shaman's dance works.
"soap will kill them"
You'd ... lie to them? Good idea: "soap will kill them" would be more instrumentally useful than some actually true but more complicated explanation, and once they figure out you weren't truthful (at which point they'd probably have figured out other ways to defend against microbes besides the hygiene hypothesis) you would've taught them another implicit lesson: Don't trust the authorities!
So, two for the price of one, with the latter unlocking after the first lost its usefulness. Smart!
Given the fuzziness, I'll just take it as an exercise in wit:
"LOCKSS: Lots Of Copies Keep Stuff Safe." They'll figure out the science. But we lost all scientific knowledge, I don't want that to happen twice.
"Rub dry wood until it makes like sun." Hopefully the taste of good steak will get them going.
Before constructing the answer, it's usually good to clarify the problem. First, it's probably good to re-frame it in terms of past and present, not the (unknown) future. For example, assuming there were an extinct civilization 100,000 years ago which managed to pass that one sentence on, what bit of wisdom to the ancient Greeks/Babylonians/Etruscans/... would you expect to be most useful? How and why? What does it mean to be useful, anyway? Useful to whom? To them? To us?
Did they come up with that bit of wisdom by themselves and rejected or ignored it, anyway? Would it have been different if it was unearthed as a relic of a past civilization?
Even though innovation, trade and competition in labor, product and capital markets can sometimes harm individual businesses and workers, restricting these forces almost always reduces the total prosperity of a society.
"The world is not made of things with minds, but of small mindless things that obey regular patterns."
As far as major scientific facts go, I am surprised that evolution has yet to be mentioned. Let me try:
"All the complexity of Life on Earth comes from a single origin by the following process: organisms carry the plan to reproduce and make copies of themselves, this plan changes slightly and randomly over time, and the modified plans which lead to better survival and reproduction tend to outcompete the others and to become dominant."
In general, I'd expect sentences that convey information about the scientific process to be much superior to sentences that contain merely some clever concoction of facts. Analogous to teaching a man to fish versus just giving him some fish he would have caught anyways given the right method. The only exception would be information that is extremely unlikely to be experimentally discovered* (yet the previous generation stumbled upon) but the expected value of which would outweigh some optimization of the scientific method. (*Before a cataclysm)
Come to think of it, the most such important piece of information (and also keeping with the hypothetical) would be information about the cataclysm (only applies for anthropogenic cataclysms). The reason is that ceteris paribus, a similar pattern (which we would even help along with our usual sentences) could well lead to a similar outcome (another catacylsm). Gotta break the circle.
Alternatively, what about "ALL THESE WORLDS ARE YOURS EXCEPT EUROPA ATTEMPT NO LANDING THERE". Imparts some important cultural information. Hope the poor blokes don't take it too literal and implement a naval embargo of Europe.
What does it mean to send "one sentence" to the future? Does the future understand English? How precise of a concept can we give them?
Typically, I interpret that as "what concept would you like people to have instinctually?", which most people respond to with "here's something that I wished my contemporaries understood, and so I'm going to inflict it on imaginary future post-apocalyptic humans," apparently because they haven't suffered enough.
When was the atomic hypothesis confirmed? If I recall correctly, it was only when chemists started noticing that the outputs of chemical reactions tended to factorize a certain way, which is to say that it took millennia after Democritus to get the point where the atomic hypothesis started making clearly relevant experimental predictions.
Mmm. I don't think it's that terrible, but it does appear designed to put people at Alhacen's level on the right track, rather than to put people at Aristotle's level on the right track. For example, I seem to recall the correct understanding of heat being held up by the atomic hypothesis not being widely accepted; if you know that atoms exist, then calculating everything co...
What does it mean to send "one sentence" to the future? Does the future understand English? How precise of a concept can we give them?
This is, of course, correct. Always question and argue with the genie until you find an exploit, then encode Wikipedia into a run-on.
"there is a copy of all the knowledge of the ancients buried at the "
At first I was like, "lulz I can just insert coordinates", but then I realized they don't have GPS. Serious dark ages...
The only unambiguously specifiable terrestrial spot I can think of is the south pole, but there must be something better.
If you have the resources to put something at the south pole, you probably have the resources to scatter a couple dozen stonehenges/pyramids/giant stone heads around; then you don't have to specify unambiguously, plus redundancy is always good.
If they can understand English, perhaps they can understand math, the supposedly universal language. With that in mind, here is a single equation by Sean Carrol that completely describes the fundamental physics of what he calls "everyday life on Earth".
"Consider it both a threat and an opportunity that smarter-than-human beings can probably be created using machines that can do lots of calculations really fast."
I'd be thinking along the lines of "keep heating different rocks up a lot, you'll eventually get really useful stuff for building things out."
This is assuming we get fire pretty easily (so we don't have to transmit that knowledge) but reflecting the millenia before our tech included metal.
Wow, I'm missing the more important surplus: "find the plants you can eat and figure out how to grow them yourself in one place."
I'm not enough of a prehistorian to know which came first: metal or agriculture. My principle in choosing one of the...
What's wrong with admitting you can't produce such sentence? Note, I'm not saying there isn't one, Kolmogorov complexity and all, only that chances are extremely low that any human now can produce it.
As for Feynman statement, yeah, it's wrong if you read it literally (I read it as "I can't emphasize enough how important this following fact is") , but Eliezer (and all commenters I read) made the same mistake really - he produced the sentence he thought would help them most, not one that would "contain most information in the fewest words"...
If I recall correctly, it was only when chemists started noticing that the outputs of chemical reactions tended to factorize a certain way, which is to say that it took millennia after Democritus to get the point where the atomic hypothesis started making clearly relevant experimental predictions.
IIRC, even then, plenty of people considered it somewhat speculative, and it didn't become universally accepted until Einstein's explanation of Brownian motion.
An intuitive, one sentence explanation of the scientific method. Come to think of it this might be handy in general. Eliezer's is already pretty good.
I wondered what Feynman was thinking, so I looked up the context. Here is an excerpt and a longer .doc. Google books. But it didn't help.
"Stop trying to sound wise and come up with theories that make precise predictions about things you can measure in numbers."
It seems a bit anthropocentric to assume that the next gang of creatures will also be interested in "sounding wise". Edit: Unless they're humans, of course.
"The new basic principle is that in order to learn to avoid making mistakes we must learn from our mistakes." – Karl Popper, In Search of a Better World.
"It is an attitude which does not lightly give up hope that by such means as argument and careful observation, people may reach some kind of agreement on many problems of importance; and that, even where their demands and their interests clash, it is often possible to argue about the various demands and proposals, and to reach – perhaps by arbitration – a compromise which, because of its eq...
Math:
"Use your intuition to guide you, but try whenever there's any doubt over what is correct to state what you mean in a rigorous form going back to axioms."
Does this involve too many implicitly defined terms?
Can I use Rule 110 as an extensional definition pointing to what is arguably the central insight of computation? "Rigorously analyze the relationship between the consequential patterns and initial conditions if, for each row of black and white stones, the next row is arranged such that a black stone is placed beneath a white stone if the stone to the right of the white stone is black, a white stone is placed beneath a black stone if the stones to either side of the black stone are also black, and a stone of the same color is placed beneath the stone in the preceding row otherwise."
In my discipline? I guess
Write code that's easy to update without breaking dependent code.
That'll save the ancient programmers of the 1950's some time.
If I were trying to build up programming from scratch, it'd get pretty hairy.
Build a machine that, when "x = 1.1; while (10. - x*x > .0001) x = x - ((x * x - 10.) / (10.*x)); display x" is entered into it, displays a value close to the ratio of the longest side of a right triangle to another side expressed as the sum of 0 or 1 times the lengths of successive bisections.
Math:
"Write down numbers by using ten symbols called digits for the numbers zero through nine, and writing XY, where X is a number and Y a digit, for the number equal to ten times the number represented by X, plus the number represented by Y."
Maybe this could be optimized by picking a better base to work in (2? 8? 12?), but if post-apocalyptic humans have the same number of fingers, then base 10 has its advantages as well.
"Your dirty lying teachers use only the midnight to midnight 1 day (ignoring 3 other days) Time to not foul (already wrong) bible time."
"Rub dry wood fast until it makes like sun."
I suppose something like:
Competition and creation, the former stopping the insane forms of the latter, are responsible for pretty much everything you see, and, if you foster them in your society, can - eventually - give you more than you can possibly imagine.
How many semicolons are we permitted?
More seriously:
"Study processes whose inputs are also their outputs."
"You are not special. You are not a beautiful or unique snowflake. You're the same decaying organic matter as everything else. " -http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0137523/quotes
(Not actually)
Prosperity depends on trust, especially trust that the fruits of one's labour won't be arbitrarily taken away; therefore there should be clear and reliable property rights.
Political disputes are usually terminal value disputes, and pretending otherwise leads to confusion of facts and preferences.
Alternatively, something about hidden complexity of wishes and its relevance to defining legal and moral obligations.
Political disputes are usually terminal value disputes, and pretending otherwise leads to confusion of facts and preferences.
Wow, what? No.
We are nowhere near the point where the only thing left to argue about in politics is terminal values. There are so many strict Pareto improvements available in the world that can't possibly be true.
Modify it and say "instrumental values", then maybe. That leaves a lot of room for the usual mechanisms of human stupidity to produce contradictory results, even with identical terminal values.
I'd say a more accurate characterization of political disputes is people failing at the is-ought distinction: how much of the controversy aroud racism, feminism, authoritarianism, etc is derived from the naturalistic fallacy and disagreeing with the facts because of supposed moral implications? (hint: nearly all of it.)
So apparently Richard Feynman once said:
I could be missing something, but this strikes me as a terrible answer.
When was the atomic hypothesis confirmed? If I recall correctly, it was only when chemists started noticing that the outputs of chemical reactions tended to factorize a certain way, which is to say that it took millennia after Democritus to get the point where the atomic hypothesis started making clearly relevant experimental predictions.
How about, "Stop trying to sound wise and come up with theories that make precise predictions about things you can measure in numbers."
I noticed this on Marginal Revolution, so I shall also state my candidate for the one most important sentence about macroeconomics: "You can't eat gold, so figure out how the heck money is relevant to making countries actually produce more or less food." This is a pretty large advance on how kings used to think before economics. I mean, Scott Sumner is usually pretty savvy (so is Richard Feynman btw) but his instruction to try to understand money is likely to fall on deaf ears, if it's just that one sentence. Think about money? Everyone wants more money! Yay, money! Let's build more gold mines! And "In the short run, governments are not households"? Really, Prof. Cowen, that's what you'd pass on to the next generation as they climb up from the radioactive soil?
*Cough.* Okay, I'm done. Does anyone want to take their own shot at doing better than Feynman did for their own discipline?