I used to think the human 'machine' was a poor design.

I was wrong.

It was poor usage that had made life so painful.

This is my explanation for chronic pain and the many pain-related syndromes currently classified as idiopathic (the cause is unknown) i.e. fibromyalgia, restless legs, chondritis, plantar fasciitis, shin splints, many "IBS" issues, frozen shoulder, neck cricks, tension headaches etc. A long list of symptoms and conditions that plague the modern world.

This is based on:

1. My recovery from nearly 20 years of severe depression and a lifetime of pain.
2. Anatomical facts.  Logic starts here: midline anatomy & the median plane.
3. My  education and experience in handling mammalian tissues as a veterinary surgeon (surgery, autopsies, butchery).

Key Points:

• Myalgia of physical imbalance. If you are not using the "right muscles" you are using the wrong muscles.    I did not use my main muscles of movement. I had no connection to my Base-Line muscles -  the body's core pillar of strength.  Without a connection to my Base-Line I had no inner reference to reset back to 'baseline healthy' and a body that is physically balanced and aligned.
  
• Physical restrictions form in our body-wide web of connective tissues in a response to inflammation (triggered by injury, infection etc.) which induces cross-linking of collagen fibers.     Some easy notes here: Connective Tissue Response.
  
• Restrictions reduce range of movement adding to the body's imbalance and misalignment.
• Physical restrictions apply tensions throughout the body, along "threads" that run from head to fingers to toes.
• These tensions generate pain & weird sensations.  The body adjusts to avoid pain, adding to the misalignment.
• This physical restrictions are 'stored trauma', creating an 'individual trauma imprint' and with it a unique collection of symptoms for each person.  Generalised patterns exist,  with grouping of symptoms  along affected threads.

Physical imbalance in the usage of the muscular system and restricted connective tissues cause:

• Unexplained pain. (often diagnosed as fibromyalgia these days). Pain related symptoms that increase in number and intensity over time.
• Self-doubt. Stress. Hypochondria.
• Anxiety. Depression.

My Story.

I was too young to voice my pain when it started and grew up thinking 'stiff and sore' was normal - that the pains, spasms and weird sensations were just a part of life.   (more details of my pains for anyone that's interested ... here)

Over the years traumas built up on my body, restricting my natural range of movement.   I became increasingly tense and imbalanced.   I never slept well.   A long list of seemingly unrelated injuries and symptoms.   There was always pain, and then a lot of self-doubt. Depression hit hard and enveloped my life for many years.

My rock-bottom was akin to the cruciatus curse (an acceptable reference on LW I presume?). Stuck on the floor one morning, screaming as the intense pain seared through every part of my body. I was unable to move, any attempt was terrifying. I could feel myself going in to clinical shock. I helpless and I knew it but rather than sending me crazy, the pain forced me to surrender. I experienced a sudden clarity that my body was saying "NO MORE". Something had to change.

Afraid of returning to that level of pain and knowledgeable enough to know the range of drugs I had been prescribed (morphine, codeine, paracetamol, naproxen, gabapentin, diazepam,  would a) not magically fix me b) fuck me right up) I started doing Pilates - a few basic exercises at the easiest levels. Taking it gently and working with my breathing.   Over a few weeks, I began to notice what muscles were activating as I attempted to move - of how I braced myself to do anything, of how much movement I lacked and how tense and twisted my body was. I was physically wrecked.

The day my depression lifted as I stood up from a roll-down was the day I knew I could get better. It was that dramatic. Like a blanket being pulled from over my head - a shift, a freshness, a hope. A release of tension that had been suppressing me. It felt like a whole new world. The birth day of my Base-Line Theory Human Health and Movement. It wasn't the end of my mental issues, I had a lot stored,  but it was the turning point towards better.

Recovering my natural range of movement has been a long slog. My body was severely misaligned and imbalanced - tense, twisted, crumpled. Little by little I freed myself from the physical restrictions,  releasing all my 'stored traumas' (see below) - both physical and mental. Improving my posture,  working towards body alignment and balance by learning to use the right muscles.

Approximate time scale:

Pain ~ Life long.  4+ decades. My earliest memories.

Depression ~ 17+ years. Too scared of failure to attempt suicide. Too scared of suicide to try antidepressants. I hated myself, the world, everything. Angry, stressed, miserable - hopeless of ever feeling better. I was broken. I wanted it all to stop.

Rock-bottom until the day my depression lifted ~ 14 weeks. My fear of pain and my support network were both strong allowing full time consideration of how I was using my body.

Recovery ~ 4+ years of hard slog.  Using my sense of proprioception to slowly my full range of natural movement. Reliving and releasing all the pains and tension I had been carrying around bringing a new sense of balance and calm.

My earliest symptoms were of muscle pain = myalgia.

Myalgia (from Greek) myo ≃ muscle + algos ≃ pain.

According to:

Base-Line Theory of human Health and movement (Part 4):

BLTH Part 1 , 2, 3.

The 5 main muscles of movement should be under full voluntary control for optimal functioning of the body.

Optimal Functioning - Strong, Balanced and Pain-free.

The body functions at optimum when it is dynamically balanced and aligned i.e. it is free of physical restrictions (see below) and the main muscles are fully utilised so an ideal posture can be achieved.

Movement is smooth and controlled, unrestricted through a full range of natural movement. The head and limbs can all be moved independently without pain or tension whilst the rest of the body remains stable.

The midline linear anatomy can be felt to be in alignment. The Base-Line muscles (pelvic floor, rectus abdominis) providing the core support from where the rest of the body extends.

We are balanced, we are aligned. A strong connection between muscles and mind.

I believe this capacity is what so many disciplines are trying to demonstrate (yoga asanas, Tai chi, the internal martial arts ...).

The 5 (paired) key muscles to focus on to improve physical condition.

The 5 main muscles - central to healthy movement. pelvic floor, rectus abdominis, gluteus maximus, rectus femoris, trapezius

An ideal posture cannot be maintained if any of the main muscles of movement are not fully functional or our range of movement is restricted.   Dynamic alignment and balance are easily lost - the body becomes imbalanced and we suffer PAIN.

Imbalance, the Wrong Muscles & Myalgia.

A functional posture is maintained by the activation of parts of other muscles (the 'wrong muscles') in an attempt to mimic the action of the main muscles, but stresses are distributed less efficiently - either side of ideal - adding to imbalance. The location and distribution of these areas of 'wrong muscle' varies, dependant on:

• The body's current position and action. Standing, sitting, bending, walking, climbing etc.
• External stresses. Pushing, pulling, lifting, hugging, throwing etc.
• Physical restrictions that are present. (see below)
• Habits that have formed. e.g. anticipatory postures recruiting other muscles rather than the main muscles.
• Skewed body map in the mind. Motor signals from the brain instructing which muscle areas to activate follow a 'pattern' but are not overlaid onto the body correctly. ('patterns' to be expanded on in later posts)
• Other. Anything I've not thought of yet.

I became aware of what muscles would activate when I tried to move. The 'wrong' muscles, activated via motor pathways that need to be reprogrammed to the 'right pattern' by consciously engaging with the 'right' muscles.

Other muscles cannot tolerate the same burden as the main muscles of movement. The muscle tissue is quicker to fatigue and more prone to spasms and strains, resulting in myalgia. When areas of muscle become painful, 'fresh' areas of  muscle are then used. More and more areas become stressed and sore as the burden shifts around, the body adjusting its posture in an attempt to avoid/minimise the pain.

If not corrected ⇒ imbalance leads to further imbalance.

Widespread myalgia occurs with an imbalanced body.

There is a tendency towards a pattern of distribution of the wrong muscle areas and the associated adaptations (see below) of the body, which are what I believe are the basis of the "tender points" associated with a 'diagnosis' of fibromyalgia (see below) are.

location of some of the tender points traditionally associated with fibromyalgia.

From personal experience I say these documented tender points are the early indicators of an imbalanced body and many more tender points develop (just about everywhere eventually!) if the underlying issue of imbalance and misalignment is not rectified.

There's only so many dots I can add to a picture. Illustrating widespread tender points and pain after years of physical imbalance and misalignment.

(Time for a small interlude.)

Some Thoughts on Bones and Joints.

Historically, the skeletal system has been considered the basis of the body. Bones remain, long after we have gone, but it is our main muscles that 'do the work' - that create our posture. That allow us to move.

Stressed muscles 'pull' on the bones they attach to, causing pain that is often misinterpreted and misdiagnosed as a problem with a joint.

Bone Imaging.

Radiographs provide clear images of bone in living patients.  It has become habitual to focus on bones and joints because we can see them on an X-ray and 'diagnose' a problem.   Muscles and connective tissue are not so easily imaged and consequentially, not so considered.

Changes to the surface of a bone (roughening, remodelling, osteophyte spurs etc.) provide a visual abnormality for doctor and patient to focus on. But WHY have they occurred?  Bone is a comparatively inert body tissue (bone marrow is active) and these changes take time to develop.  Although they may become clinically significant, bony changes should be considered a symptom of a problem not the primary issue, and should not be used to 'explain the pain' without supporting evidence.

♢ "Traction spur" osteophytes occur where muscles attach to bone. They indicate a long-term problem where a muscle (via its connective tissue attachment) is pulling on its periosteal attachment causing the periosteum to react.

♢ Osteochondrophytes occur at the cartilage-bone junction, in response cartilage damage. This can be due to acute trauma, but more commonly is "wear and tear" (degenerative joint disease, osteoarthritis). Are osteochondrophytes also due to long-term misusage of the main muscles of movement?

An MRI after rock-bottom was comforting. A sense of relief at having evidence of physical damage and that the pain wasn't just all in my head but when I evaluated my MRI I could see the pathology was old - I'd been living it with for years. It was not an explanation for all the pain.

Back Pain.

Studies have shown there is little correlation between pain levels and findings on imaging the spine (I exclude acute trauma and nerve impingement).

Further reading:

Clinical guidelines lower back pain - includes references to various studies.

MRI and X-Ray Often Worse than Useless for Back Pain - An article worth skimming through.

With "back-pain" our attention is drawn to the spinal column (vertebrae) because:

Fear of the consequences of spinal cord damage.

Imaging often provides something to look at.

Our vertebrae are there to protect the spinal cord. They are NOT a stack of blocks that keep us upright.

I've seen back pain attributed to the “rapid” evolution of humans - the suggestion that our ability to walk on two legs developed too fast and our body didn't adapt itself to bipedal movement.

A face-palm thought now that I understand the importance of the 'five main muscles of movement'!

Non-specific Location of Pain.

We tend to use our joints as reference when talking about pain, umbrella terms covering a section of body. "Oh, it's my knee." or "It's my shoulder."

But where is the pain? The joint itself, or the surrounding connective tissue and muscles?

Is the pain always in the same place? Or does the exact location shift around? Even if it's still your 'knee', or your 'shoulder'? Examine your pain.

Get to know your body better.

More of my thoughts on a new perspective of modern health here at discussion/baselinehealing.com

Base-Line Theory of Human Health and Movement (Part 5):

Physical restrictions in the body:

• Reduce range of movement.
• Cause stiffness.
• Apply tension.
• Generate sensory feedback → pain and weird sensations.
• Add to imbalance.
• Increase misalignment.
• Affect the way we move and act.
• Are 'stored trauma' .
• Can be palpated in subcutaneous connective tissues when large enough. (Felt below the skin). Lumps, bands, thickenings.

Many others have noted physical restrictions on the body using various terminology ('fascia' is popular). I use the covering term 'connective tissue' (see notes below).

Connective tissue: The stuff that surrounds and links all the other bits of us.

Physical restrictions form in 'connective tissue' because of:

1) Trauma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair.

The involvement of 'connective tissue' in inflammation and the healing process are well documented (but still subject to research).   The healing process is complex (fibroplasia, granulation, collagen deposition etc.), involving the creation and cross-linking of collagen fibres the main component of connective tissue. (see notes below).

Traumatic injury causes affected tissues to get 'sticky'. Tearing of tissues/vascular damage, leakage, inflammatory factors etc.   Wounds "contract". Physical restrictions form e.g. scar tissue, surgical adhesions.

Main injuries (whatever's bleeding or broken) are treated, but the effects of trauma can be widespread. e.g. an impact shock radiates throughout the body - micro-tears and micro-restrictions leave an 'imprint' of the 'max-stressed position', effectively 'storing the trauma' on the body.

The body tries to avoid pain (signals saying: watch it! protect!) by making adjustments above and below the injury - twists, kinks, tilts and compressions. This maintains a 'functional posture' but increases the body's misalignment and imbalance.

Inflammation is a topic too complicated for me to cover in detail. (Here's one article as a starter).   Inflammation can be caused by many things - infection (viral, bacterial etc), auto-immune (allergies etc.), toxins etc. but whatever the cause:

Inflammation causes connective tissue gets sticky = 
physical restrictions in the body.

Addendum : November 2020.  Excluding recognised damage to organs (lungs, kidneys etc.), how many of the clinical signs of "long covid" are the result of body-wide inflammation and changes in connective tissue?   There is a lot of over-lap with fibromyalgia (see below).

2) Restrictions as the Body Adapts to Imbalance.

If the main muscles of movement are not adequately functioning the body lacks their central support. In an attempt to compensate, physical restrictions form in connective tissue, 'reinforcing' areas under stress.

Physical restrictions may not be noticed at first. Like a few loose sticky plasters all over, then maybe a few tacks up and down the body, then ropes and glue and nails ...

If imbalance is not corrected, more and more restrictions develop, forming chains of misalignments spread throughout the body. The body stiffens.

Micro-restrictions become macro and range of movement severely limited as connective tissue becomes a restrictive scaffold.

If not released, physical restrictions = stored trauma.

Tensions, Pain and Weird Sensations.

Along with the myalgia of imbalance, tensions from the physical restrictions generate sensory feedback resulting widespread pain and weird sensations that can occur from head to fingers to toes, along affected 'patterns'.

Pain comes in many forms.

Body Threads & Patterns.

Imagine a unique multi-threaded 'pattern' for every possible position of the body. (On what scale? - Arrangement of muscle and collagen fibres (see below).) Each pattern consists of threads running to the arms, legs and head connected via a central 'control board' -  the rectus abdominis muscles.

When the body has a full range of natural movement all threads of each pattern are free to fully extend and can be perfectly overlaid onto the body map in our mind.

A physical restriction on a thread may exert tension anywhere on the whole pattern.  Movement of one part of the body affects other parts - pulling on a thread and applying tension.  This generates pain / weird sensations anywhere along an associated thread and at the ends of the pattern - a stabbing pain, a sudden itching, tinnitus.  Widespread symptoms - a bunch of threads "generalised pattern"  to localised - threads (acupuncture points?).

myofascial meridians.

Regaining a full range of natural movement is de-kinking all the threads throughout the body from center to ends. The body is a bundle of threads.  Are they tangled, knotted or free to fully extend?

The relevant section of the rectus abdominis needs to be engaged to support the 'shaking out' of the body, releasing restricted tissues from middle outwards to work towards an ideal pattern - the ideal posture.

Releasing Restrictions.

When an injury has healed the body should regain a full range of natural movement by releasing restricted tissues and 'resetting back to baseline healthy', if not then cumulative damage = trauma stored on the body.

I've come across various therapies that release physical restrictions - "myofascial release" appears to be the commonest term these days.

Self healing is possible.

I worked though and released the physical restrictions by:

• Working from my Base-Line muscles.
• Developing my sense of conscious proprioception.
• Instinctively feeling how to move through and release the physical restrictions.
• Constantly moving, working through the tensions to regain my full range of natural movement.
• Letting go. Relaxing. Letting the tensions work their way out.
• Working towards aligning my body. Imaging a ribbon from pelvic floor to back of the head. Full extension, smooth ribbon is alignment.

Physical restrictions: I have felt 'releases' - pops, cracks, kruppals all over. I have seen them, I have heard them. Working through the pain and tension. Slowly regaining my natural range of movement, guided by my Base-Line.

The sounds and sensations of releasing restrictions might be scary at first - a noise, a twinge, a shock - but they FEEL RIGHT.  Never force anything.

As I released physical restrictions I had mental releases too. A session of movement, using the roll down, working from my Base-Line and moving as felt good. Experiencing the physical releases, then feeling a build up of stress, flashes of trauma - memories and emotions that also needed to be released --> a melt-down, crying, screaming, feeling my face writhe as the tensions worked themselves out. The deep sobbing extending my Base-Line, my body unwinding and some stress being released. (physical restrictions a component of PTSD? 'physical memories'). anger, fear, self-loathing ... Experiencing my issues and then the details were gone, history. A sense of calm afterwards. Learning to let the releases happen then let them go. No longer embarrassed or ashamed of being a mess. Knowing I was making progress..

The mind-body wants to heal and return to a state of balance and alignment. Made possible when the central framework of the main muscles of movement is active.

Healing involves releasing the restricted tissues and regaining a full range of movement - including returning to positioning of trauma. Relive to release, working from Base-Line to alignment.

Idiopathic Pain Conditions.

Idiopathic: "Describing a disease or condition the cause of which is not known or that arises spontaneously"

Idiopathic = No known cause = No known cure.

Fibromyalgia is the current favourite label for a collection of clinical signs  and pain-related symptoms that are (currently) idiopathic, but  "fibromyalgia"  is not a diagnosis, or an explanation for the all the pain and weird sensations that a sufferer experiences.

Current Research into Idiopathic Pain Conditions.

Modern research tends to focus on breaking things down into smaller and smaller parts. We have gained a lot of knowledge (and confidence) by taking this approach.

A good understanding of cellular function and the chemistry of our bodies has allowed the development of effective treatments for many conditions.

The ability to find small differences in our DNA is an amazing feat of human innovation and technology, continually advancing our understanding of genetic conditions.

We look deeper and deeper into micro-levels of how our body works (the physics of biology and chemistry) looking for an explanation for all the pain - trying to find 'abnormal' physiological commonalities between patients in pain, and then finding a chemical that will change them. But looking for subtle biochemical changes or nerve dysfunctions to explain fibromyalgia and other (currently classified as) idiopathic pain syndromes will not be successful in my opinion.

We should consider the whole.

We are interconnected from head to fingers to toes.

Macro-dysfunctions.

When the body becomes unbalanced and misaligned it is a  "macro-dysfunction" - a problem with the whole. Which, without correction, will continue to worsen.

Somewhere sore, stressed, injured --> pain --> damaged tissues --> physical restrictions --> reduced movement --> tension --> imbalance --> misalignment -->sensory feedback saying "problem" --> pain --> weird sensations --> fear --> restriction --> stiffness --> tension --> pain --> fear --> anxiety --> depression.

I believe only when the main muscles of movement are fully utilised and the body is dynamically aligned can the myalgia of imbalance and tensions of physical restrictions be ruled out as the cause of otherwise unexplained pain.  But how does an imbalanced body and physical restrictions in connective tissues explain the myriad of weird sensations and pain-related symptoms - different for every individual sufferer but with commonalities that can be grouped into progressive stages of dysfunction and patterns of symptoms?

Individual Trauma Imprints & Stored Trauma.

Where physical restrictions form is directly influenced by what a body has been subjected to. An individual's life experiences. A physical record of what the body suffered, creating our unique 'individual trauma imprint' and with it a unique collection of pain-related symptoms.

Every trauma (injury, inflammation, stress) leaves an imprint in connective tissue  (scar tissue, surgical adhesions are well known examples). This alteration to connective tissue causes a restriction -a stiffening, a reduction in movement (may be on a microscale so not noticed - the body is very adaptable).

A trauma imprint is released if a body returns to a full range of movement, otherwise it becomes 'stored trauma'.

Stored trauma applies tension along the specific pattern the body was in at the time of trauma. e.g. an impact shock radiates throughout the body - micro-tears and micro-restrictions leave an 'imprint' of the 'max-stressed position', effectively storing the trauma on the body. (?component of PTSD) "memory of the stress".

As the body adapts to the effects of misalignment it becomes more restricted - imbalance leads to further imbalance. A growing list of niggles, aches and pains. Residual effects from old injuries, a growing list of complaints over time.  'Patterns' of symptoms develop according the gross patterns most affected by physical restrictions (myofascial meridians etc.)

My Experience of 'Fibromyalgia'.

From:

(New Latin) fibro ≃ of fibrous tissue + (Greek) myo ≃ muscle + algos ≃ pain

The pain and tension of an imbalanced and restricted body.

Constant pain. A whole list of things that are poorly explained. Symptoms that come and go and then come back again. Worse and worse over time.

The foot spasms, shin splints, sore knees, pulled hamstrings, pelvic pains, chronic 'bad back', abdominal pains, sore ribs, burning shoulder, stiff neck, crunching jaw, headaches ... The random shocks, spasms, sudden intense itching, stabbing, biting and gnawing sensations.   The chest palpitations, abdominal 'pulsing', restless legs, eye twitches, white fingers, numbness, sudden extreme fatigue feeling and pins and needles in my arms and legs.

I had no idea how stiff and restricted my body was. No idea the physical pain was the cause of my depression and emotional issues. They had always felt like a fault with "me", that I was a failure. I doubted my pain, myself, my abilities. I shutdown, I hid. My emotional issues have been released during my physical recovery. Stored traumas - finally healed.

Baselinehealing:  Fibromyalgia - textbook symptoms and my explanations.

My comments on Fibromyalgia.

Baselinehealing:  An explanation for the symptoms of fibro.

To those with 'fibro':

• A diagnosis of fibromyalgia may be a recognition of your suffering, but it is a label - not an explanation.
• Medications may mask some symptoms but won't cure the pain.
• Imbalance is a physical problem that affects body and mind.

Ask yourself:

• How is your physical condition?
• Is your posture (the positioning of your body) good?
• Does your body feel balanced and comfortable?
• Is your body free of tension? Or can you feel areas that are stiff and restricted?
• Do you move well?
• Do you have a full range of movement?
• Can you achieve physical alignment?

What to do:

Find your Base-Line and develop your sense of conscious proprioception - Feel how to heal .

• Get to know your body. Keep notes. Look for patterns. Acknowledge your pain.
• Don't expect someone else to fix you. They won't.
• This is a do-it-yourself approach.
• Keep moving. Movement and releasing of physical restrictions is why tai chi, yoga, and other exercises do help -when you are using the right muscles.
• Be aware how the pains and weird sensations move around your body as you move. We are interconnected from head to fingers to toes and restrictions in one area can have distant sensations.

To clinicians:

Look for imbalance. The body misaligned, tense, restricted and in pain. A holistic approach to a macro-dysfunction.

The clinical presentation of myalgia due to imbalance is variable, influenced by:

• The sufferers biggest concerns - what they are currently most worried about. The primary complaint/s versus symptoms that get ignored, classified as not so serious or are so chronic they are barely mentioned. People can get used to a lot of pain.
• Duration of dysfunction. Symptoms will only spread and worsen over time if the body is imbalanced.
• An individual's trauma imprint - what the body has been through.  The stored trauma of a patient's life-experience. (see above for more details)
• The quality of history-taking and clinical exam performed.

As a starting example: The nuchal ligament is an easy accessed piece of midline anatomy - 'our secondary guide for alignment' but an easy first check for alignment. The nuchal ligament should be easily palpated when the trapezius muscles are free to fully move. If not - the body is imbalanced. How many clinicians give the nuchal ligament much/any consideration?

The End (of the main section of this post) 

Base-Line Theory of Human Health & Movement.

The following is some extra notes:

[Simple notes to maintain my sanity. There's much more information out there if you are willing to go down the rabbit hole of research and if anyone has thoughts to add I would love to hear.]

Connective Tissue.

Connective tissue surrounds and connects muscles and bones, suspends internal organs, runs through those organs and wraps around individual cells - it's everywhere!

A body-wide web of fibres throughout the body.

There are many types of connective tissue - varying in composition, organisation and scale.  The differentiation and delineation between 'connective tissues' isn't always clear.   I include the extracellular matrix (see below) in my thoughts.

Connective tissue:
A spectrum of fibres, cells, water - 
from solid and tough to fuzzy and goo.

For example, connective tissue runs through and around every muscle:

• Every single muscle cell (muscle fibre) is surrounded by connective tissue called endomysium.
• Muscle fibres are grouped into bundles surrounded by connective tissue called perimysium.
• Then the whole muscle is surrounded by more connective tissue called the epimysium.

Bone:

• Bones are surrounded by a membrane of dense irregular connective tissue called periosteum.
• Bone matrix is a collagen scaffold for the deposition of bone minerals.

Soft tissues:

• reticulin is the supporting meshwork in soft tissues such as the liver and bone marrow. Formed from the cross-linking of collagen III fibrils (fibrils see below) named 'reticular fibres' .

The broad classification categories for connective tissue are:

Dense or loose - Solid or soft. Depending on the amount and type of collagen.

Regular or irregular - whether the collagen fibres arranged in parallel or not.

• Irregular connective tissue (loose and dense) is found mostly layers of the dermis (skin) and adipose (fatty) tissue - surrounding and enveloping the rest of the body.
  
• Specialised connective tissue includes tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses, cartilage, fascia, bone, teeth, meninges, pleura, peritoneum, pericardium etc.
  

The linea alba, nuchal and supraspinous ligaments - our midline linear guides for alignment - are connective tissue.

Examples of connective tissue - this is a tough, thin sheet known as an aponeurosis.

Connective tissue runs through the body grossly organised in myo-fascial meridians. Well illustrated by the "anatomy trains" series of publications (go-oogle images to see these layers of the body illustrated - fascinating stuff if you've not thought about how you are put together before.)

Connective tissue structures are complicated - and very prone to pain. For instance the pelvic region. The image below shows the pelvic floor muscles and surrounding connective tissues. Much of the connective tissue attaches to the sacrum and lumbar spine (not shown).  Pain in this region is common, both in the muscles and form connective tissues.

Connective tissue structures of the pelvic region.  (Some complicated anatomy prone to pain and strain).

Connective tissue can be thought of as a body-wide web of collagen fibres.

Collagen - some notes.

Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body. 25-35% (figures vary between sources) of the body's protein is collagen.

a major structural protein ... protecting and supporting the softer tissues and connecting them with the skeleton. Twenty-eight different types of collagen have been identified in vertebrates. Source.

Collagen is the major insoluble fibrous protein in the extracellular matrix and in connective tissue. 80 – 90 percent of the collagen in the body consists of types I, II, and III. Source. (Out of date on the number of collagen types but a good grounding in collagen.) 

Collagen consists of

collagen fibres which are 'ropes' made from covalently bonded strings of

collagen fibrils which are bundles of

collagen molecules which are triple-helices of

polypeptides (α chains) which strings of a repeating sequence of 3

amino acids 'twisted' around each other.

.

The 3 amino acids (the building blocks of proteins) determine the type of collagen. Most collagen in the human body is type I where the amino acids are 'glycine-proline-hydroxyproline' that form a tight triple-helix that form 'straight' fibrils that bond well to create strong collagen fibres.

Extra-Cellular Matrix (ECM).

Links to : concepts of ECM , khan video - complexity and research regarding ECM.

Collagen is the most abundant fibrous protein within the interstitial ECM ... Elastin and Fibronectin source - stiffening etc.....

Micro-Components of Positioning.

muscle fibre = myocyte = a single muscle cell:  Diameter 10 to 100 µm (micrometre) source.  And what is the width of an intra-cellular filament in a muscle cell? IDK

The width of a collagen fibre: Diameter 1 to 20 μm (micrometre) source.

Threads - fibres - to be straightened and aligned on the ideal pattern of the body.

The arrangement of muscle fibres, collagen fibres. are they aligned for a full range of natural movement. The width of a collagen fibril. A collagen molecule. How small to go?

Not so random last words - if you've made it this far - thank you - I'm just not sure what to do with the following:

Restrictions: Protein fibres. Bonding, cross-linking, like velcro?

arrangement of collagen, elastin, fibronectin ... Alignment of fibres...

Proteoglycans - Large molecules consisting of a core protein with one or more covalently attached glycosaminoglycans (GAG).

Are you balanced and aligned?

Physically and mentally?

What do physical alignment and body balance mean?