The main part I disagree with is the claim that resource shortages may halt or reverse growth at sub-Dyson-sphere scales. I don't know of any (post)human need that seems like it might require something else than matter, energy, and ingenuity to fulfill. There's a huge amount of matter and energy in the solar system and a huge amount of room to get more value out of any fixed amount.
(If "resource" is interpreted broadly enough to include "freedom from the side effects of unaligned superintelligence", then sure.)
I am inclined to agree, but it seems plausible to me that the transition from planet-wide economy to Dyson sphere may be slower than the earthbound economic boom that makes it possible. I don't really see a plausible way to disassemble the asteroid belt and maybe a few planets days after Earth figures out how to start expanding into space at scale.
The problem is that access to the entire store of matter and energy runs through the single thread of successfully scaling space travel. So the logic appears to run similar to Dissolving the Fermi Paradox; the question largely reduces to whether one or more of the critical choke points fail.
Space travel successful -> almost certain growth
Space travel fails -> almost certain doom
The increase is so monotonic that either the data's wrong, we're going to experience a major break with the past in the mid 2040s or its galactic time when I'm in early middle age. One thing this post led me to consider is that when we bring together everything, the evidence for 'things will go insane in the next century' is stronger than the evidence for any specific scenario as to how. This isn't the only evidence for the broad thesis of 'things are going to go crazy over the next decades', where crazy is defined as more rapid change than we saw over the previous century.
Treat this like a detective story - bring in disparate clues. We're probably alone in the universe, and anthropic arguments tend to imply we're living at an incredibly unusual time in history. Isn't that what you'd expect to see in the same world where there is a totally plausible mechanism that could carry us a long way up this line, in the form of AGI and eternity in six hours? It's like - all the pieces are already there, and they only need to be approximately right for our lifetimes to be far weirder than those of people who were e.g. born in 1896 and lived to 1947 - which was weird enough, but that should be your minimum expectation
EDIT: on the point about AI, I just checked to see if there were any recent updates and now we have Image GPT. Heck.
Further to this point - there is something a little strange about calling a fast takeoff from AGI and whatever was driving superexponential growth throughout all of history the same phenomenon - if true there is some huge cosmic coincidence that causes there to always be superexponential growth - so as soon as population growth + growth in wealth per capita or whatever was driving it until now runs out in the great stagnation (which is visible as a tiny blip on the RHS of the double-log plot), AGI takes over and pushes us up the same trend line. That's clearly not possible, so there would have to be some factor responsible for both if AGI is what takes us up the rest of that trend line.
In general, there are three categories of evidence that things are likely to become very weird over the next century, or that we live at the hinge of history in some sense:
1) Specific mechanisms around AGI - possibility of rapid capability gain
2) Economic and technological trend-fitting predicting a singularity around 2050
3) Anthropic and Fermi arguments suggesting that we live at some extremely unusual time
All of these are also arguments for the more general claim that we live at the hinge of history. 1) is because a superintelligent AGI takeoff is just a specific example for how the hinge occurs, and it is plausible for much more specific reasons. 3) is already directly arguing for that, but how does 2) fit in with 1) and 3)? For AGI to be the driver of the rest of that growth curve, there has to be a single causal mechanism that keeps us on the same trend and includes AGI as its final step - if we say we are agnostic about what that mechanism is, we can still call 2) evidence for us living at the hinge point, though we have to note that there is a huge blank spot in need of explanation - what phenomenon causes the right technologies to appear to continue the superexponential trend all the way from 10,000 BCE to the arrival of AGI?
This is research trying to do a similar analysis to Hanson's paper Long-Term Growth as a Sequence of Exponential Modes, and coming to different conclusions in some areas and the same conclusions in others. It also discusses Scott's post 1960: The Year the Singularity Was Cancelled. The name of the post/paper is "Modeling Human Trajectory".
From the summary.
And from the conclusion.
Holden Karnofsky also gives his thoughts on the piece, which I found quite interesting.